CVE-2025-46059: Critical Remote Code Execution Vulnerability in Langchain-ai GmailToolkit
Langchain-ai's GmailToolkit, specifically version 0.3.51, is susceptible to a critical indirect prompt injection vulnerability that could allow attackers to execute arbitrary code remotely. This flaw stems from insufficient input validation when processing email messages, leading to potentially devastating consequences.
Vulnerability Details
- CVE ID: CVE-2025-46059
- Description: An indirect prompt injection vulnerability exists within the GmailToolkit component of langchain-ai v0.3.51. Attackers can exploit this flaw by crafting malicious email messages that, when processed by the application, can lead to arbitrary code execution and complete system compromise.
- CVSS Score: 9.8 (Critical)
- CVSS Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
- CVSS Explanation: This vulnerability is rated as Critical because it allows an unauthenticated attacker to remotely execute code on the affected system without any user interaction. The impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability is High, signifying a complete compromise of the system.
- Exploit Requirements: An attacker needs to be able to send an email that is processed by the vulnerable Langchain-ai application. No user interaction beyond the application processing the email is required.
- Affected Vendor: Langchain-ai
- Affected Product: Langchain
- Affected Version: 0.3.51
- CWE: CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
- CWE Explanation: CWE-94 refers to vulnerabilities where an application constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input. This can allow an attacker to inject malicious code that the application then executes, leading to arbitrary code execution.
Timeline of Events
- 2025-07-29: CVE ID assigned and vulnerability publicly disclosed.
Exploitability & Real-World Risk
The exploitability of this vulnerability is high. An attacker could craft a malicious email containing specially formatted text designed to inject commands into the Langchain-ai GmailToolkit. If the application processes this email, the injected commands could be executed, potentially granting the attacker full control of the system. Given the popularity of Langchain-ai, a successful exploit could have a wide-reaching impact.
Recommendations
- Immediate Action: It is strongly recommended that users of Langchain-ai immediately upgrade to a patched version that addresses this vulnerability. If a patch is not yet available, consider disabling the GmailToolkit component as a temporary workaround.
- Input Validation: Implement robust input validation and sanitization measures to prevent prompt injection attacks.
- Principle of Least Privilege: Ensure that the Langchain-ai application runs with the minimum necessary privileges to reduce the potential impact of a successful exploit.
- Security Audits: Conduct regular security audits and penetration testing to identify and address potential vulnerabilities.
Technical Insight
The vulnerability likely arises from the GmailToolkit interpreting parts of the email body as instructions. By carefully crafting the email content, an attacker can inject malicious commands that are then executed by the toolkit. This is a classic example of a prompt injection attack, where user-supplied input is treated as code rather than data.
Credit to Researcher(s)
This vulnerability was discovered and reported by Jr61-star.
References
Tags
#CVE-2025-46059 #Langchain-ai #GmailToolkit #RCE #PromptInjection #EmailSecurity #Cybersecurity
Summary: A critical vulnerability (CVE-2025-46059) in Langchain-ai's GmailToolkit allows for remote code execution via malicious email injection. Update immediately or disable the affected component to prevent system compromise.
CVE ID: CVE-2025-46059
Risk Analysis: Successful exploitation allows for remote code execution, potentially resulting in data theft, system compromise, and denial of service. This poses a significant threat to the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of affected systems.
Recommendation: Upgrade Langchain-ai to a patched version or disable the GmailToolkit component. Implement robust input validation and follow the principle of least privilege.
Timeline
- 2025-07-29: CVE-2025-46059 assigned and vulnerability publicly disclosed.