CVE-2025-7788: Critical OS Command Injection Vulnerability in Xuxueli xxl-job

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CVE-2025-7788: Critical OS Command Injection Vulnerability in Xuxueli xxl-job

Welcome to our blog! Today, we're diving into a critical security vulnerability, CVE-2025-7788, affecting Xuxueli xxl-job, a popular distributed task scheduling framework. This flaw could allow attackers to execute arbitrary commands on your server. Let's break down the details and what you can do to protect yourself.

🔍 TL;DR Summary

CVE-2025-7788 is a critical OS command injection vulnerability in Xuxueli xxl-job (<= 3.1.1) that allows authenticated attackers with low privileges to execute arbitrary system commands remotely. A proof-of-concept exploit is publicly available, making immediate patching or mitigation essential.

🚨 Vulnerability Details

  • CVE ID: CVE-2025-7788
  • Description: The commandJobHandler function in src\main\java\com\xxl\job\executor\service\jobhandler\SampleXxlJob.java is vulnerable to OS command injection. By manipulating input to this function, an attacker can execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system.
  • CVSS Score and Vector:
    • CVSS 3.1: 6.3 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
    • CVSS 4.0: 5.3 (Medium) - CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

    Explanation: The CVSS score indicates a network-based attack with low complexity, requiring low privileges (an authenticated user). Successful exploitation can lead to limited impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the system.

  • Exploit Requirements: An attacker needs valid credentials to authenticate to the xxl-job application.
  • Affected Vendor, Product, Version: Xuxueli xxl-job up to version 3.1.1
  • CWE:
    • CWE-77: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
    • CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')

    Explanation: These CWEs describe vulnerabilities where user-supplied data is not properly sanitized before being used in system commands, allowing attackers to inject malicious code.

📅 Timeline of Events

  • 2025-07-18: Vulnerability disclosed and CVE ID assigned.
  • 2025-07-18: Public exploit available.

🧠 Exploitability & Real-World Risk

Given the public availability of a proof-of-concept exploit, the risk is significant. If your xxl-job instance is exposed to the internet or accessible from within a network, attackers could potentially gain full control of the server. This can lead to data breaches, system downtime, and further malicious activities.

🛠️ Recommendations

  • Immediate Action: If possible, upgrade to a patched version of xxl-job. Check the vendor's website or GitHub repository for updates.
  • Input Validation: Implement strict input validation on the commandJobHandler function to prevent the injection of malicious commands.
  • Least Privilege: Run the xxl-job process with the least necessary privileges.
  • Network Segmentation: Isolate the xxl-job instance from other critical systems to limit the impact of a potential breach.
  • Web Application Firewall (WAF): Consider deploying a WAF to filter malicious requests targeting the vulnerable endpoint.

🧪 Technical Insight

The vulnerability lies in the insufficient sanitization of user-provided input passed to the commandJobHandler function. This function likely executes system commands using this unsanitized input, allowing an attacker to inject arbitrary commands by crafting a malicious request.

🙌 Credit to Researcher(s)

Vulnerability reported by VulDB.

🔗 References

🧵 Tags

#CVE-2025-7788 #xxl-job #OSCommandInjection #RemoteCodeExecution #Java #SecurityVulnerability

Summary: CVE-2025-7788 is a critical OS command injection vulnerability in Xuxueli xxl-job versions up to 3.1.1. An attacker with low privileges can execute arbitrary system commands remotely. A public exploit exists, making immediate patching or mitigation vital to prevent potential system compromise.

CVE ID: CVE-2025-7788

Risk Analysis: Successful exploitation allows arbitrary command execution, potentially leading to data breaches, system compromise, and denial of service.

Recommendation: Upgrade to a patched version of xxl-job. Implement strict input validation on the commandJobHandler function. Apply the principle of least privilege and consider network segmentation.

Timeline

  • 2025-07-18: Vulnerability disclosed and CVE ID assigned.
  • 2025-07-18: Public exploit available.

References

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