CVE-2025-7901: Reflected Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) Vulnerability in RuoYi Swagger UI
RuoYi, a popular open-source rapid development framework, is susceptible to a reflected Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in its Swagger UI component. This flaw, identified as CVE-2025-7901, can be exploited by attackers to inject malicious scripts into users' browsers, potentially leading to session hijacking, data theft, or defacement.
Vulnerability Details
- CVE ID: CVE-2025-7901
- Description: A reflected XSS vulnerability exists in yangzongzhuan RuoYi up to version 4.8.1. The vulnerability is located in the Swagger UI component, specifically in the handling of the
configUrlparameter within the/swagger-ui/index.htmlfile. By manipulating this parameter, an attacker can inject arbitrary JavaScript code into the user's browser. - CVSS Score and Vector: CVSS 3.1 score of 4.3 (Medium). Vector:
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N. This means the vulnerability is remotely exploitable with low complexity, requires user interaction (clicking a malicious link), and can lead to limited integrity impact (e.g., modifying the appearance of the page). - Exploit Requirements: Requires user interaction (e.g., clicking a malicious link). The attacker needs to craft a malicious URL containing the XSS payload and trick a user into visiting it.
- Affected Vendor, Product, Version: yangzongzhuan RuoYi up to version 4.8.1
- CWE: CWE-79 (Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation - Cross-site Scripting). CWE-79 occurs when a web application does not properly sanitize user-supplied input before displaying it in a web page. This allows attackers to inject malicious scripts that are executed in the victim's browser.
Timeline of Events
- 2025-07-20: Vulnerability publicly disclosed.
Exploitability & Real-World Risk
The reflected XSS vulnerability can be exploited if an attacker can trick a user into clicking a malicious link. While the CVSS score is medium, the real-world risk depends on the context of the RuoYi application. If the application handles sensitive data or provides privileged access, the impact of a successful XSS attack can be significant, potentially allowing the attacker to steal credentials or perform actions on behalf of the user.
Recommendations
- Upgrade: Upgrade RuoYi to the latest version or apply the necessary patch if available.
- Input Validation: Implement robust input validation and sanitization mechanisms to prevent XSS attacks. Ensure that all user-supplied input, including URL parameters, is properly encoded before being displayed in the web page.
- Web Application Firewall (WAF): Deploy a WAF to detect and block XSS attacks.
- Content Security Policy (CSP): Implement a strong CSP to restrict the sources from which the browser can load resources, mitigating the impact of XSS attacks.
Technical Insight
The vulnerability stems from the Swagger UI component's improper handling of the configUrl parameter. This parameter allows users to specify the URL of a Swagger configuration file. However, if the application does not properly validate and sanitize this URL, an attacker can inject arbitrary JavaScript code by providing a malicious URL. When the user visits the vulnerable page, the injected script will be executed in their browser.
Credit to Researcher(s)
This vulnerability was reported by an anonymous researcher.
References
Tags
#XSS #WebSecurity #Swagger #CVE-2025 #RuoYi
Summary: CVE-2025-7901 is a reflected XSS vulnerability in RuoYi's Swagger UI component. An attacker can inject malicious scripts via the 'configUrl' parameter, potentially leading to data theft or other malicious activity. Update to the latest version or implement XSS mitigation techniques to prevent exploitation.
CVE ID: CVE-2025-7901
Risk Analysis: Successful exploitation can lead to session hijacking, credential theft, and defacement of the web application. This can compromise user data and damage the reputation of the organization.
Recommendation: Upgrade to the latest version of RuoYi or apply the available patch. Implement input validation and output encoding to prevent XSS attacks. Deploy a Web Application Firewall (WAF) and Content Security Policy (CSP) to provide additional layers of protection.
Timeline
- 2025-07-20: Vulnerability publicly disclosed